Does 2FA/push notifications make debit card fraud a thing of the past?

Sorry if this is the wrong subreddit. I remember I was with an American friend last summer in the States and worried that the waiter took my card with her to the back. He said I shouldn't worry because two-factor authentication as well as push notifications have made it impossible for someone to make purchases even if they steal your info.

Is it really true? I know whenever I buy stuff from eBay, they always ask me to verify but I get no such notifications when topping up on my Leap Card.