Issues with Minecraft (and other apps) registering controller input

I've been trying to get Minecraft working with a controller for a couple days now and nothing I've tried has worked. I've tried three different mods (controllable, midnightcontrols, and Fabulously Optimized) and all of them have the same behaviour which makes me think it's a system issue and not a problem with the mod functionality.

The controller connects to the computer ok and works perfectly on Gamepad Tester and in Steam games. All of the Minecraft mods will recognize the controller and even identify it as a Switch controller but then none of the inputs actually register. The same behaviour happens with the General Arcade SDL2 Gamepad Tool.

It feels like there has to be some kind of setting or security feature or driver issue either in MacOS or Minecraft that is stopping the inputs from being recognized. Does anyone have any suggestions?