Is exercising the same muscle groups on consecutive days really detrimental? Does this apply to beginners?

The common advice I hear is that you shouldn't do the same type of exercises two days in a row because it will prevent the muscles from recovering and you won't actually gain anything from the exercise. Is this true for people just starting out as well, or just people who are serious about bodybuilding?

If I did some chest flys with a resistance band today, should I really not do the same the next day?