The argument conjectured originally in loose verbal argument form by [Anne Caylus](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Anne_Caylus) (193A/1762), [Jean Barthelemy](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Jean_Barthelemy) (93A/1762), and [George Zoega](https://hmolpedia.com/page/George_Zoega) (158A/1797), who said that the [signs](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Sign)inside of [cartouche](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Cartouche) 𓍷 \[[V10](https://hmolpedia.com/page/V10)\] rings contain the “[names](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Name)” of [kings](https://hmolpedia.com/page/King) or [gods](https://hmolpedia.com/page/God); and by [Antoine Sacy](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Antoine_Sacy) (144A/1811) who argued that Egyptians might have used [reduced phonetic](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Reduced_phonetic) signs, similar to what the [Chinese](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Chinese) do, when writing the names of *foreign* rulers; and finally [Thomas Young](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Thomas_Young) (136A/1819) and [Jean Champollion](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Jean_Champollion) (133A/1822) who, building on the former, invented a so-called reduced phonetic hieroglyphic alphabet to convince themselves that they could [alphabetically spell](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Alphabetically_spelled) various king names like: [Ptolemy](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Ptolemy), [Alexander](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Alexander), [Cleopatra](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Cleopatra), Caesar, [Darius](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Darius), and [Ramesses](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Ramesses), and god names like [Ptah](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Ptah) or [Thoth](https://hmolpedia.com/page/Thoth), hieroglyphically.

Cartouche name theory