You're not yet considered a capitalist even if you employ wage workers according Marx.
Marx, on the basis of his previous examination of constant and variable capital and surplus-value, draws the conclusion that “not every sum of money, or of value, is at pleasure transformable into capital. To effect this transformation, in fact, a certain minimum of money or of exchange-value must be presupposed in the hands of the individual possessor of money or commodities.”
Basically, the money and property you have is not yet capital if it's only covers your subsistence.
He takes as an example the case of a labourer in any branch of industry, who works daily eight hours for himself – that is, in producing the value of his wages – and the following four hours for the capitalist, in producing surplus-value, which immediately flows into the pocket of the capitalist. In this case, one would have to have at his disposal a sum of values sufficient to enable one to provide two labourers with raw materials, instruments of labour and wages, in order to pocket enough surplus-value every day to live on as well as one of his labourers. And as the aim of capitalist production is not mere subsistence but the increase of wealth, our man with his two labourers would still not be a capitalist.
That is interesting and something people ask a lot. "Is my garage with tools a private property?" they say. I was answering that this amount of property is too small, but didn't describe exactly by what logic do you judge.
I used to say "well, if you employ other people, surely, you're a capitalist by that point", but seems like even that is not capitalistic.
That's where this passage comes in handy.
Now in order that he may live twice as well as an ordinary labourer, and turn half of the surplus-value produced again into capital, he would have to be able to employ eight labourers, that is, he would have to possess four times the sum of values assumed above. And it is only after this, and in the course of still further explanations elucidating and substantiating the fact that not every petty sum of values is enough to be transformable into capital, but that in this respect each period of development and each branch of industry has its definite minimum sum, that Marx observes: “Here, as in natural science, is shown the correctness of the law discovered by Hegel in his Logic, that merely quantitative changes beyond a certain point pass into qualitative differences.
Quotes from Friedrich Engel's Anti-Duhring (Part I: Philosophy, XII. Dialectics. Quantity and Quality) and Marx's Capital (page 313 of 2nd edition)
Posted Oct 10, 2025, 7:26 PM UTC