Skipping playing back a live stream

TL;DR, My Kodi client on Android skips quite a bit, trying to diagnose.

I'm responsible for a live stream for a small audience. I created the entire setup using open source tools. The "transmitting" side is:

• OBS on Windows 11
• Nginx on Debian on Proxmox
• Owncast on Proxmoc LXC

Then, over the Internet and a local network the audience uses:

• VLC to Nginx with RTMP
• VLC to Nginx with HLS
• VLC to Owncast with HLS
• Web browser to Owncast
• Mostly deprecated javascript player using HLS

All of the above seems to work well, since I have not received any complaints. I believe most people use Owncast to view the stream.

Since I'm a self-hoster, I have a little more complicated setup compared to other viewers:

• TVHeadend on Proxmox, connected to Owncast with HLS
  • Kodi with TVHeadend add-on, installed on:
    • Google TV
    • TCL Smart TV
  • Web client of TVHeadend

The web client plays smoothly, but Kodi doesn't I used to blame the underpowered TCL TV before I bought the Google TV box. The Kodi client on the Google TV is also doing the same thing. Some days it's better than others. I cannot see any processor or memory spikes on my Proxmox setup to explain it, and the symptoms don't point to that since other clients behave. However, Peacock and Disney and other apps play perfectly on the Google TV, and are quite slow and tend to crash on the TCL unless it's rebooted fairly often.

I also have Kodi on my Samsung S23 Ultra and if I play the stream from there, connected to the same TVHeadend server, it plays flawlessly.

This is my description of what the skipping is:
The reader may be reading along and the playback suddenly skips ahead by (my guess) 150-200ms and a word or half of a word is completely skipped. This happens sometimes ever 3-4 seconds and other times, it plays fine for a couple of minutes.

I can't hear any discernible distortion of pitch by the stream playing too slowly (if it is). However, it acts as if the player is playing a little too slowly then once in a while it notices that it's out of sync with time and adjusts to resume playback at the newly calculated time.

How can I diagnose this to get the root of the issue? It SEEMS to be the Google TV, but how do I know for sure?

Thank you!