ELI5: How do "bots" work and how can we fight them?

I'm curious how bots work across various platforms, most especially YT and X (which seem to be really hateful and vitriolic).

• How do they pick up on emotional content?
• How do they interface with a website? Submit a comment, etc
• Are they fully or partially automated? and by whomst?
• GPT formatting is easy to detect, but what about ones that sound like the angry dude at the bustop? (little punctuation, spelling errors, etc)
• How can we combat them?

I am really curious how to detect bot accounts, ones that don't sound like standard AI formatting. I'm especially interested in bots that are designed sound angry and uneducated.

I found a post about this from a year ago, but I'd like to refresh this topic.