How do you incorporate feedback into essays?

Hi everyone!! It's a bit of a dumb question, but I've never really known how to respond to feedback with essays. I've always just read over my feedback, process it for like 2 seconds and then never think about it again. It's really hard to incorporate and improve essays because there's no rigid structure and specific answer, and every essay topic is different with different arguments to be made.

Unlike with maths/science subjects, I can't just spam out the question over and over again until I get it right from innate ability.

Thank you for all the help!!