How much does culture influence high performance in specific fields?

I’ve been thinking about how certain groups seem to be strongly represented in particular domains — for example, East Asian countries in academic performance, Germany in engineering, Jewish communities in intellectual professions, and Black Americans in music and entertainment.

I’m not asking about genetics or race-based intelligence. I’m more interested in cultural incentive structures. How much of group-level “outperformance” can be explained by:

•	Cultural emphasis on education or discipline

•	Historical economic restrictions

•	Social mobility pathways

•	Status hierarchies within communities

Is there research on how culture shapes which traits get optimized across generations?

I’d appreciate evidence-based perspectives.