“If particles are supposed to be excitations in the field, the next question is, what kind of excitations? And vortex rings (like a doughnut rolling into itself, smoke rings are cores of vortex rings in air) are a good candidate, because they are highly localized, persistently stable, resist impulses like they have momentum (thus mass), collide elastically with other vortex rings, and even swim either up or down with the flow depending on which way they are rotating, so they act an awful lot like charged particles. It's just been very difficult to observe the details of such formations in the EM field. I want to know what the expected properties of such a formation at quantum scales would be.”
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“AIR CANNONS PRODUCE VISIBLE VORTEX RINGS BY GENERATING ROTATING AIR PRESSURE DIFFERENCES, WHILE ELECTROMAGNETIC CANNONS EMIT ELECTROMAGNETIC VORTEX PULSES USING COAXIAL HORN ANTENNAS. THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEM ALSO DEMONSTRATES SELF- RESILIENCE PROPERTIES AND SKYRMION TOPOLOGY, OFFERING UNIQUE POTENTIAL IN HIGH-CAPACITY COMMUNICATION, TARGET DETECTION, AND DATA ENCODING DUE TO THEIR COMPLEX WAVE DYNAMICS AND TOPOLOGICAL FEATURES.”
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https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1054537
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“The fundamental principle of satellite/node-based positioning involves triangulating the receiver’s coordinates through the intersection of spatial distances. Advancements in hybrid wireless networks have yielded high-precision positioning at decimeter-level (wavelength-level), approaching the resolution limits in free space. Here we present a 3D super-resolution positioning paradigm in free space by utilizing a kind of topologically structured pulses, toroidal electromagnetic pulses. We demonstrate that the space-time nonseparability and skyrmion topology inherent in toroidal pulses can be harnessed to achieve freespace microwave 3D positioning with super-resolution accuracy, reaching the centimeter level, using a single emitting antenna. This work opens up avenues for exploring the potential applications of topological electromagnetic pulses including but not limited to positioning, imaging and sensing technologies.”
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https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01850-z
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“[Skyrmions, topologically stable field configurations, have recently emerged in classical optics as structured light for high-density data applications. Achieving controllable on-chip generation of single-photon skyrmions, while being highly desirable for quantum information technologies, remains challenging due to the nanoscale confinement of quantum emitters (QEs). Here we demonstrate a metasurface-integrated quantum emitter (metaQE) platform enabling room-temperature on-chip generation of single-photon skyrmions.](https://inspirehep.net/literature/3103271)”

Observation of resilient propagation and free-space skyrmions in toroidal electromagnetic pulses