Gauge vs finished sweater

Hello!

I am knitting Smilla's sleeves from Anne Vetzel.

The original pattern uses Håndværksgarn by Hjelholts Uldspinderi which I believe is an aran-weight yarn.

The pattern calls for 4.5mm needles with a 20 sts and 24 rows in PATTERN on a 10x10cm gauge.

I used ROWAN super wash worsted yarn and 5mm needles. The gauge in PATTERN came to be 24sts and 27 rows on a 10x10 gauge.

Why, oh why is my sweater coming out so much more cropped than expected?

Should I go up more needle sizes? If so, how much?

Is there an easier way to calculate this that isn't trial and error? 🫠