[International] Cross-border debt recovery — $105K USD withheld by UAE partnership, partners in Australia and Florida

Location: I'm in Ontario, Canada. Debtors are in UAE (partnership), Australia (company + individual), and Florida (individual).

Situation:

I own a tech company in Canada. We provided software development services ($105K worth) through a middleman partnership based in Dubai, UAE.

The end client paid the middleman in full on February 5th. The middleman is refusing to release our payment.

Key facts:

• No written contract exists between us and the middleman - they admitted this in writing in a December 2025 letter
• All three partners have confirmed via email they are deliberately withholding funds
• The partnership operates from Dubai
• One partner (the main actor) is also sole director of an Australian company with $100 AUD share capital - appears to be a shell company used to receive/transfer payments
• The three partners are located in: Australia, unknown, and Florida (USA)

What I've done:

• Sent formal demand letter with March 15 deadline
• Engaged Australian lawyer - confirmed I can sue the Australian company for unjust enrichment, but cannot pierce corporate veil to reach the director personally
• Consulting UAE lawyer - told partnership structure means partners may be personally liable
• Researching Florida action against the US-based partner

My questions:

1. Does pursuing a UAE partnership (where partners are personally liable) make sense for $105K?
2. Can I sue the Florida-based partner in US courts for partnership liability arising from a UAE partnership?
3. Should I file in multiple jurisdictions simultaneously or focus on one?
4. If the main goal is creating a public record (one partner is seeking investors), which jurisdiction gives best visibility - US courts?
5. Any experience with UAE debt recovery as a foreign creditor?

Appreciate any guidance. This is my first time dealing with international debt recovery.