So, this whole post's idea came from a comment by u/Sickpup831, and kind of made me analyse closely how Peter's powers works in the comics. In Tobey Maguire's films, we see him capable of producing and shooting organic webs through glands in his wrists, and climbing walls using thousands of "little claws", which are called setules, on his fingers. However, in the comics, things are quite different. Starting with the webs: Peter developed devices and a specific synthetic fluid that simulates webs, which already demonstrates that he lost the main characteristic of the animal that bit him, since most spiders depend on webs to hunt, build their habitats, and even protect their offspring in cocoons. Furthermore, Peter's ability to climb walls is also different: he doesn't have setules on his fingers that he uses to adhere to walls in microscopic calluses; instead, he basically has the ability to manipulate the molecular and electrostatic attraction between himself and the surface, increasing the atomic forces of attraction to climb walls. Even though some explanations use the Van der Waals principle, the fact that he doesn't have adhesive claws already negates the resemblance to spiders. Otherwise, the other powers are much simpler: strength and agility "proportional to that of a spider" (most similar to that of a "real" Spider-Man, but not exactly a spider trait), Spider-Sense, which is more of a reference to the perceptive mechanisms a spider has to perceive threats but which goes in a completely different direction, functioning as a kind of premonition, and of course the healing factor. I think perhaps the most interesting explanation for how the spider gave Peter powers is that, somehow, he obtained arachnid instincts that allow him to weave webs in an arachnid way (as we see in Andrew's first film) and even have an instinctive notion that led him to the formula for the web fluid. But eliminating this factor, what remains? What makes Spider-Man really a SPIDER-MAN? Well, that's where the spider totem comes in. In the final battle against Morlun at the beginning of Straczynski's run, Peter realizes that he is not really a PURE avatar. He is the result of the relationship between the spider AND radiation. He even asks what came first, the radiation or the spider, and this shows us that although he doesn't have the physiological changes that would point to him as a hybrid between man and arachnid, he is still an avatar of the spider totem because it was thanks to it that, through radiation, he manages to simulate the abilities of a spider. So even though he doesn't have exactly spider-powers, his capacity to simulate it and the fact that this came from the spider bite and thus from the spider totem, make him really the Spider-man. But in the end this is just my opinion 🙂

Spider-man doesn't have any spider powers