(Sources: British Museum, Encyclopedia of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archaeology, Wikipedia, StepBible, Springer Nature-Human Genetics)

Kittum, also known as Niĝgina, was a Mesopotamian goddess who was regarded as the embodiment of truth.  She belonged to the circle of the sun god Utu/Shamash and was associated with law and justice, as a possible forerunner to the idea of a goddess embodying truth. 

Names with the element *niĝgina* are already attested in sources from the Ur III period, one example being Niĝginaidug ("truth is good"), but there is no indication that they were necessarily theophoric, and the word is written without the *dingir* sign which preceded divine names.

She usually appears as the first of his daughters, but some copies instead refer to her as his sukkal (divine vizier), and one lists Kittum and Niĝgina as two separate deities, with the former referred to as a son and the later as a daughter of Utu.

Jacob Klein argues that Kittum was regarded as the sun god's "primary" daughter. He points out a text describing her as the "beloved daughter of Utu" (*dumu kiag dUtu*) is known.

In offering lists from Sippar, Kittum commonly appears alongside Mīšaru, a deity from the circle of Adad who was also associated with justice.  In the Neo-Babylonian period both of them were additionally grouped with Ūmu and Dajjānu.  It is possible that she was among the deities worshiped in Ebabbar, the temple of Shamash located in this city.

SUFFIX OF IM & THE AFFIXATION OF NIG

In Hebrew, the suffix -im (**ים**) acts primarily as a masculine plural marker, indicating more than one, similar to "-s" or "-es" in English.  When applied to biblical names or divine titles, it often signifies a plural of intensity, majesty, or excellence. 

Notable Observations: While considering cultural derivations from Mesopotamia—as part of Abrahamic faiths—the following Divine Names extracted from Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie (Encyclopedia of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archaeology) may indicate the origins of the names **Niger-Nigeria** in Sumer-Sumeria.

*Encyclopedia of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archaeology (German-to-English translation):*

 1. **Niĝerim**\-ḫulgig (\*Nig-érim-hul-gig)

„Der das Böse haßt".  Nach An = Anum III 180 (R. Litke, God-Lists 156) ein digir- gub-ba (etwa „Wächtergott") des Ebab- bar, des Tempels des Sonnengottes Utu/Šamaš (Shamash).

*"He who hates evil." According to \*An = Anum\* III 180 (R. Litke, \*God-Lists\* 156), a \*digir-gub-ba\* (roughly "guardian deity") of the Ebabbar—the temple of the sun god Utu/Šamaš (Shamash).*

**2. Niĝerim**\-šutabe (\*Nig-erim-su-tab-bé) 

„Der das Böse ergreift” und Nigerim-

**ร****ั**น'urur('Nig-erim-su-ur-ur),,Der das Böse einsammelt". Zwei von 4 in einem sum. Hymnus auf Rim-Sin erwähnten Türhütergottheiten\* eines Heiligtums (oder Palastes?) namens Du6-bára-gal-mah in Ur (UET VI/1, 103: 36f., s. D. Charpin, Clergé \[1986\] 282-286).

*“He Who Seizes Evil” and Nigerim-*

*šur'ur (“He Who Gathers Up Evil”). Two of four gatekeeper deities\* mentioned in a Sumerian hymn to Rim-Sin, associated with a sanctuary (or palace?) named Du6-bára-gal-mah in Ur (UET VI/1, 103: 36f.; see D. Charpin, \*Clergé\* \[1986\] 282–286).*

**3. Niggaba** (\*Nig-ga-ba)

Nach An = Anum III 46 (R. Litke, God-Lists 142) eine von 4 digir-gub-ba (etwa Wächtergott-heiten) des Sîn.

*According to An = Anum III 46 (R. Litke, \*God-Lists\* 142), one of the four \*digir-gub-ba\* (approximately "guardian deities") of Sîn.*

**Other Observables: Simeon called Niger Act 13:1 and Inherited Sickle Cell Haplotype classifications referencing Benin, Bantu/Central African Republic, Senegal, Arab-Indian.  Cameroon is the fifth Haplotype associated with this genetic trait.** 

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Source (Image 1): [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/418646001](https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/418646001)

Source (Image 2): [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/433185001](https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/433185001)

Source (Image 3): [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/433186001](https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/433186001)

Source (Image 4): [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/380602001](https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/380602001)

Source (Image 5-6): [https://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8404](https://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8407)

Source (Image 7): [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kittum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kittum)

Source (Image 8-9): [https://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8403](https://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8403)

Source (Image 10): [https://www.stepbible.org/?q=version=KJV@reference=Acts.13.1&options=HVNUG](https://www.stepbible.org/?q=version=KJV@reference=Acts.13.1&options=HVNUG)

Source (Image 11): [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/21177689\_The\_origin\_of\_sickle\_cell\_gene\_in\_Israel](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/21177689_The_origin_of_sickle_cell_gene_in_Israel)

Tablet of Shamash & The Beloved Daughter of Utu