Hello everyone! I'm Aki, a former Japanese teacher.  
Today, let's learn another very useful grammar point from my slides: **Verb (Dictionary-form) + まで (made)**.  
It means "**until (an action happens)**." We use this when action B continues up to the precise moment that action A occurs. It marks the endpoint of a continuous action.  
**Grammar Structure:**  
• Verb (Dictionary-form) + まで  
• (V-dictionary + made)  
Let's look at some examples!  
**🚦 Example 1: Waiting at a crosswalk**  
• 信号が青になるまで待ちます。  
• (Shingou ga ao ni naru made machimasu.)  
• = I will wait **until** the light turns green.  
• (Verb: なる/naru ➔ なるまで/naru made)  
**☕️ Example 2: Waiting for a frien**d  
• 友達が来るまで、カフェで本を読みました。  
• (Tomodachi ga kuru made, kafe de hon o yomimashita.)  
• = I read a book at a cafe **until** my friend came.  
• (Verb: 来る/kuru ➔ 来るまで/kuru made)  
**🍿 Example 3: Movie theater rule**  
• 映画が終わるまで、スマホを使ってはいけません。  
• (Eiga ga owaru made, sumaho o tsukatte wa ikemasen.)  
• = You must not use your smartphone **until** the movie finishes.  
• (Verb: 終わる/owaru ➔ 終わるまで/owaru made)  
**Homework time! ✍**️  
Let's practice in the comments! How would you translate this sentence into Japanese using "**〜するまで**"?  
• "I studied Japanese **until** my test finished."  
(Hint: my test finishes = テストが終わる / tesuto ga owaru, to study = 勉強する / benkyou suru)  
I'll check your answers! 😊

[Japanese Grammar] How to say "until" an action happens (〜するまで)