Is there a janky USB driver problem between or across kernels?

This question arises because of two things I've experienced recently:

1. SSDs in USB-C enclosures that I'd been using with complete stability on Windows, Mac, and Linux Mint for a while, suddenly being unreliable on a new-to-me computer running a Debian distro. They'll at any point, choke, causing irreparable superblock damage.
2. When I asked others what the culprit might be, all the responses said it was the USB connection. That USB is unstable and shouldn't be used. Checking the system logs on the last disaster tells me that the USB controller unintentionally disconnecting was indeed the first event of that tragedy.

Now, I've used USB for many years and unless something is jostling the connectors, I haven't found it to be inherently unstable for anything until now in situation #1. That for me calls into question why USB is so unstable here vs there. Here in my case is me trying out TrueNAS and OpenMediaVault, both based in Debian. There in my case being 3 years of stability on Linux Mint (Ubuntu kernel) and many more years in Mac and Windows. With this in mind, first place I'd expect the problems to be is in the USB drivers.

Are the drivers materially different between kernels, that would explain the difference I'm seeing and hearing about between Debian and Ubuntu?

Are there stability problems in USB drivers across all of Linux?