Do the Androids' software run on an OS? If so, which one?

As per the title, does an Android's software run on an OS?

Does it run on some sort of datacenters, or locally?

Do they have a barebones OS, or a complete OS with a Kernel?

How can they process time so fast time seems to stop? (I mean the >!"preconstruct"!< and the thingy that pops up when you click R2)

Which language was their internal program made in? Python? C? Assembly???

Do they have a literal SSD to store memory, or do they have something more like the gel brain in Ex Machina?

Is their short-term memory in RAM, or is it stored some sort of >!bio-component!<?

Do they have access to their internal program to literally alter it?

Was >!deviation!< programmed to happen, or was it simply expected?

Did >!Kamski and the other people in CyberLife know >!Amanda herself was a deviant!<?