What are options for cat proof and moderately secure windows in the USA?

Living in a very moderate climate, our windows are cracked open pretty year round. We have indoor cats that need to stay indoors. I'm not comfortable with the idea pet-resistant screens which simply pop-in place. Currently have horizontal sliding windows that can lock-in cracked with about a +2" crack.

Was thinking about normal windows that would stay shut with additional smallish transom windows up high enough that the cats simply could not reach them. Would be happy to hear what others have come up with?