How are brands monitoring reputation before a crisis happens?

I've been noticing that most brand crises don't seem to come out of nowhere.

Usually there are early signals:

• A forum thread starts gaining traction
• Customer sentiment begins shifting
• Negative discussions appear across multiple communities
• AI-generated summaries and search results start reflecting the change

I'm curious how branding professionals here monitor these signals before they become a larger problem.

Are you relying on social listening tools, manual monitoring, customer feedback loops, or something else?.