Why has been India's caste system been almost impossible to eradicate ?

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We all know India has made massive strides technologically and economically, and untouchability was technically outlawed decades ago. Yet, caste identity remains an incredibly powerful force in modern society. I want to move past the surface-level answers and really unpack why this structure is so deeply entrenched.

Think about how it operates on multiple levels:

The Social & Psychological: It’s not just a legal issue; it’s woven into the fabric of daily life through arranged marriages (endogamy), family lineages, and deeply internalized social hierarchies that pass down generations.

The Global Diaspora: It’s not even contained to India anymore; we see caste dynamics popping up in tech companies in Silicon Valley and universities worldwide.

What are the core structural, psychological, or systemic reasons that keep this centuries-old system so resilient despite modernization, education, and legal reforms? What is the missing link in truly dismantling it?

Also what can be some suggestions

And also how long it can take realistically in a best case scenario