how do i handle unique workplace dynamic?

i’m a female software developer, i’ve been at my company 3 years, 1st year was an internship, then I stayed on. My boss has always been someone that is not well liked, he has taken a liking to me (compared to others), but takes advantage and has a bit of an attitude problem, for lack of a better way of phrasing. I like the company, and i like my coworkers for the most part. he is just difficult to work for. Argues with me and other coworkers in public by our cubes, gets mad when people email me for simple things, and will scoff or stare people down who stop at my desk. I can’t attend meetings without him, even simple ones. In the past he has done measured things i was able to bring to the vp and he got Hr involved. i did not want that to happen but he did that without my involvement. I know the cio would not approve of this behavior if he knew the full story but i have asked for help on this a bunch. I don’t have any agency and every time i ask he gets super defensive. i’m early in my career and spend time teaching him, he doesn’t teach me anything anymore. I need a mentor as i’m so young but I like the company. he’s past the age of retirement and believe is having health problems but still shows up just fine. I don’t know what i should do, it is becoming increasingly difficult to handle as he takes credit for my work and doesn’t incite me to meetings that directly involve me. I’m not sure how to vouch for myself because anytime i suggest i need more he basically tells me i’m crazy or he’s sad that i’m sad because he needs me, to that effect. I’m frustrated but also feeling stuck because the market is unpredictable for people like me with the uptick in AI. I feel like i have to learn so much to become more marketable.