Stolen iPhone - can't remember Apple ID password

Hi, sort of my own fault here. I had my iPhone stolen last night and don't have the password to access my Apple ID. Been trying to reset but it says I will get a result and a reset step process sent to my iPhone, which I obviously don't have. I've disconnected my SIM so that's no longer viable. What happens after then? Does Apple redivert to email? Am I just permanently locked out? Any advice appreciated thank you x