What Was the Cold War?

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The Cold War was a long period of rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II, lasting roughly from 1945 until 1991. It was called "cold" because the two superpowers never fought each other directly in a full-scale war. Instead, they competed through military buildup, espionage, political influence, and support for opposing sides in regional conflicts.

This rivalry shaped global politics for decades, dividing much of Europe into Western democracies and Soviet-controlled communist states. The Cold War influenced arms development, space exploration, and international alliances while maintaining a tense but indirect confrontation.

Understanding the Cold War helps explain many modern political boundaries and ongoing global relationships formed in the 20th century.

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