What are the literary origins of cultures like the Adem and the Aiel?

I've been rereading The Kingkiller Chronicle after recently finishing The Wheel of Time, and something really stood out to me this time around.

On my first read of The Name of the Wind, I thought the Adem were one of the most original cultures I'd encountered in fantasy. Their attitudes toward gender, sexuality, social norms, concepts of honor, emotional expression, and what constitutes "civilized" behavior all felt incredibly fresh.

But after reading all of The Wheel of Time, I was struck by how many similarities I see between the Adem and the Aiel. They're obviously not the same culture, but there are a lot of parallels: highly martial societies with strict internal codes, outsiders constantly misunderstanding them, unique ideas about honor and propriety, unconventional gender expectations compared to the surrounding world, and the sense that their customs are internally consistent even when they seem bizarre to everyone else.

I know Patrick Rothfuss has spoken about Robert Jordan being an influence, so I'm not suggesting this is accidental or even necessarily a direct inspiration. It just made me wonder on a few questions.

• Is this type of culture a common fantasy archetype?
• Were the Aiel themselves inspired by even earlier works?
• What other fantasy series feature cultures that explore similar ideas about honor, gender roles, social norms, or "civilization" from such a different perspective?