About how Sanjiao Neoconfucianism adapted Huayan Buddhism doctrine and blended it with Taoism

Question

Sanjiao Neoconfucianism, a pretty recent Confucian school, adapted Huayan Buddhism doctrine and blended it with Taoism in order to create a "3 teachings into 1" philosophy to unify the diverse Chinese tradition into one coherent school, with a strong emphasis on Confucian ethics.

However blending in the metaphysical department Buddhism and Taoism presented a glaring issue, the anatman doctrine and the negation of an ontological substance with a defined, unchanging nature.

How did Sanjiao school combine the notion of Qi with emptiness and the rest of Huayan views ?

Posted Jul 23, 2026, 10:17 AM UTC · locked

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