Steroid-Induced Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia can develop in some men who use anabolic steroids because certain compounds alter the balance between testosterone, estrogen, and other hormones. When breast tissue is repeatedly exposed to these hormonal changes, a firm gland may begin to form behind the nipple.

If the gland has been present for a long time and has become firm or fibrotic, stopping steroids, losing weight, exercising, or training the chest may not remove it. Weight loss can reduce surrounding fat, but it does not eliminate established glandular tissue.

Not every enlarged chest is true gynecomastia. It may be gland tissue, fat, loose skin, or a combination of these. A physical examination and, when appropriate, hormone testing can help determine the cause.

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