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Khudiram Bose (1889–1908) was a pioneering Indian revolutionary from Midnapur, Bengal. He was a member of the Anushilan Samiti, a secret revolutionary organisation based in Bengal.

On April 30, 1908, Khudiram Bose and his fellow revolutionary Prafulla Chaki carried out a bomb attack in Muzaffarpur.

Their intended target was Douglas Kingsford, the District Magistrate of Muzaffarpur, who was known for his harsh treatment and severe sentences against Indian nationalists.

Bose and Chaki believed that Kingsford was travelling in a particular carriage and threw a bomb at it. However, they had mistaken the carriage. It was carrying two Englishwomen, Mrs. Pringle Kennedy and her daughter, both of whom were killed.

The deaths were unintended, Kingsford had unexpectedly changed his carriage, leading the revolutionaries to attack the wrong vehicle.

After the attack, Prafulla Chaki was cornered by the police and died by suicide rather than being captured.

Khudiram Bose, then nineteen years old, was arrested by the authorities. He was tried and sentenced to death.

Bose went to the gallows fearlessly and was reportedly carrying the Bhagavad Gita in his hand. He was hanged on August 11th, 1908.

The Muzaffarpur incident had a major impact on the revolutionary movement. It shook the whole nation and marked the emergence of a new phase of militant nationalism. The British responded with a major crackdown on revolutionary organisations, which eventually led to cases such as the Alipore Bomb Case.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak defended Bose and Chaki in a famous editorial in his newspaper Kesari. The British government prosecuted Tilak for sedition for the article and sentenced him to six years of rigorous imprisonment in Mandalay, Burma.

Khudiram Bose subsequently became a symbol of youthful martyrdom and revolutionary nationalism. His image appeared in patriotic literature and popular representations which later inspired thousands of more revolutionaries, including Bhagat Singh.

On This Day in 1908, 18-Year-Old Freedom Fighter Khudiram Bose Attained Martyrdom