SURGERY ONE LINERS NEET PG 2026

• Leriche = buttock claudication + impotence + absent femoral pulses.
• Pulsatile neck mass → image (Doppler/angio), never biopsy first (carotid body tumour).
• Aortic dissection: tearing pain + inter-arm BP difference + widened mediastinum; type A = surgery.
• Saphenous nerve injury after varicose vein surgery → medial leg numbness

• PUJ obstruction = commonest cause of antenatal hydronephrosis → pyeloplasty.
• Male neonate + bilateral hydronephrosis + poor stream = posterior urethral valves (MCUG).
• VUR is diagnosed and graded on MCUG.
• Patent urachus → urine leak from the umbilicus

• Inflammatory breast cancer = dermal lymphatic invasion = T4d → neoadjuvant chemo first.
• ER/PR positive = better prognosis + responds to endocrine therapy.
• Metastatic breast cancer (liver) → systemic/palliative treatment, not curative surgery.
• Phyllodes = leaf-like fibroepithelial tumour → wide excision

• Green triage = ambulatory minor injuries ('walking wounded').
• GCS = E(4)+V(5)+M(6); ≤8 → secure the airway.
• Ringer lactate = first-line balanced resuscitation fluid.
• Failed IV access in shock → intraosseous (proximal tibia

• Stage 4 pressure ulcer = exposed bone/tendon/muscle.
• VAC therapy operates around –125 mmHg negative pressure.
• Keloid extends beyond the wound margin and recurs; hypertrophic scar stays within it.
• Neuropathic (trophic) ulcers are painless and over pressure points

• Post-thyroidectomy tetany = hypocalcaemia (parathyroid injury); check Ca/PTH.
• First test for any thyroid swelling = serum TSH.
• Thyroglossal cyst moves up on tongue protrusion → Sistrunk operation.
• Cold nodule on scan = higher malignancy risk; hot nodule usually benign

• Pleomorphic adenoma = commonest parotid tumour → superficial parotidectomy (not enucleation).
• Facial nerve palsy with a parotid mass suggests malignancy.
• Oral lesion: incisional biopsy from the edge; toluidine blue guides the site.
• Extranodal extension / multiple nodes → adjuvant radiotherapy in oral SCC

Indirect hernia = lateral to inferior epigastric vessels; direct = medial.
• Laparoscopic hernia repair → lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury (meralgia paraesthetica).
• Femoral hernia (below/lateral to pubic tubercle) has the highest strangulation risk.
• Strangulated hernia = surgical emergency (ischaemic bowel

Water-lily sign (detached membrane) = hydatid cyst (Gharbi type II).
• Hydatid: albendazole + PAIR/surgery; avoid spillage (anaphylaxis, secondary seeding).
• HCC → raised AFP + arterial hyperenhancement with washout on CT.
• Acute variceal bleed: resuscitate + terlipressin + antibiotics + endoscopic banding

• Low-risk prostate cancer in the elderly → active surveillance/watchful waiting.
• Prostate cancer spreads to the spine via the Batson (valveless vertebral) plexus → osteoblastic mets.
• Penile SCC: penectomy for primary + risk-directed inguinal node management.
• Painless haematuria = urothelial (bladder) cancer until proven otherwise

• Below pectinate line → superficial inguinal nodes; above → internal iliac nodes.
• Fistula-in-ano: Goodsall's rule + Parks classification; high fistula → seton to preserve continence.
• Below the dentate line = somatic (painful, pudendal); above = visceral (painless).
• Anal fissures are typically in the posterior midline

• Charcot triad (fever + jaundice + RUQ pain) = ascending cholangitis → ERCP.
• Rigler triad (pneumobilia + SBO + ectopic gallstone) = gallstone ileus.
• Gallstone pancreatitis: treat pancreatitis then same-admission cholecystectomy.
• Bile-duct injury during lap chole is classified by Strasberg (A leak, E main-duct

• Parkland: 4 mL/kg/%TBSA Ringer lactate, half in the first 8 hours.
• Escharotomy for circumferential full-thickness burns (limb ischaemia / chest restriction).
• Graft take: imbibition → inosculation → revascularisation.
• Hyperbaric oxygen is not routine in thermal burns

• Courvoisier's law: palpable non-tender gallbladder + jaundice → malignant (pancreatic head) obstruction.
• Resectable pancreatic head cancer → Whipple procedure.
• Dilated-duct chronic pancreatitis → Puestow (lateral pancreaticojejunostomy).
• Pancreatic pseudocyst has no epithelial lining; drain if symptomatic after ~6 weeks

• Stable blunt abdominal trauma → CECT; unstable + positive FAST → laparotomy.
• Penetrating trauma with peritonitis/evisceration/instability/gunshot → immediate laparotomy.
• Spleen is the most commonly injured organ in blunt abdominal trauma.
• FAST detects free fluid but cannot grade solid-organ injury (that needs CT

• Tension pneumothorax = clinical diagnosis → immediate needle/finger decompression (don't wait for imaging).
• Haemothorax → intercostal chest drain; thoracotomy if >1500 mL or >200 mL/h.
• Flail chest = paradoxical chest movement + pulmonary contusion.
• Beck's triad (hypotension + muffled heart sounds + raised JVP) = cardiac tamponade

• Pyloric stenosis → hypochloraemic hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis; correct fluids then pyloromyotomy.
• Intussusception: red-currant-jelly stool + target/claw sign → air/contrast enema reduction.
• Patent vitellointestinal duct → faecal umbilical discharge.
• Bilious vomiting in a neonate = malrotation/midgut volvulus until proven otherwise (surgical emergency

• Pain out of proportion + crepitus + rapid spread = necrotising fasciitis → emergency debridement.
• Fournier gangrene = perineal necrotising fasciitis, usually polymicrobial in diabetics.
• Surgery (debridement) is the definitive treatment; antibiotics alone are insufficient.
• Add clindamycin to suppress streptococcal/staphylococcal toxin production

• Romovac = closed-suction (vacuum) drain.
• Surgeon's knot = extra (double) throw on the first loop for friction.
• PDS = monofilament absorbable suture with long-lasting strength (fascial closure).
• Monofilament sutures harbour fewer bacteria than braided ones

Caustic ingestion: no emesis/neutralisation; endoscopy to grade; severe → feeding jejunostomy.
• Posterior duodenal ulcer bleeds from the gastroduodenal artery.
• Nissen fundoplication = 360° fundal wrap for refractory GERD.
• Alkali causes deeper (liquefactive) oesophageal injury than acid.

• Altemeier = perineal rectosigmoidectomy for rectal prolapse (elderly/unfit).
• APR risks pelvic autonomic nerve injury → sexual & bladder dysfunction.
• Juvenile polyp = hamartoma, commonest paediatric polyp, painless bleeding.
• Rectopexy (abdominal) has a lower recurrence rate than perineal repair

• Thunderclap headache → CT first; if negative, LP for xanthochromia; then angiography for the aneurysm.
• SAH commonest source = anterior communicating artery aneurysm; nimodipine prevents vasospasm.
• Chronic subdural (elderly, crescentic, crosses sutures) → burr-hole drainage.
• Extradural = biconvex/lentiform + lucid interval (middle meningeal artery

• Morison's pouch = most dependent recess supine → commonest intraperitoneal collection/abscess site.
• Free gas under the diaphragm = perforated hollow viscus → laparotomy.
• qSOFA: RR ≥22, SBP ≤100, altered mentation (≥2 = high risk).
• Sepsis hour-1 bundle: cultures + lactate + antibiotics + fluids (+ vasopressors if needed