The one Dostoevsky flaw I see in Brothers Karamazov

I'm currently reading Brothers Karamazov (start of Eleventh book, Brother Ivan Fyodorovich) and it has been, without a doubt, one of the most memorable experiences I've had with a book.

Yet after reading the couple of chapters that focus on Kolya, I finished confirming a flawed pattern I've been noticing since very early in the work. Dostoevsky's childish bias.

For some reason, Dostoevsky has a fixation on attributing negative traits, or making a character be the embodiment of these negative traits, in order to prove that character wrong, or to convey a flawed moral compass of the people that carry these traits. Now this is not done badly per se, even though we know Dostoevsky was an avid Christian, characters who are identified as atheists develop their philosophy richly and it's always a treat to see their perspective clash with Aliosha's view of life, condensing a lot about the human nature in these discussions. In a way, you can tell he himself has questioned his faith a lot, being able to convey that.

Nonetheless, Dostoevsky loves having a character call themselves "Socialists" or "Liberals" and turn that character into little more than a caricature. Be it Pyotr Alexandrovich who is just depicted as dumb, smug, ignorant person or Kolya, whose "socialism" is directly tied with being young, arrogant and cynical. And I put socialist and liberal between quotes because unlike atheism, Dostoevsky does not bother developing what he thinks these views represent or entail through the characters, he uses these terms to ground them as wrong/flawed from the start. This is a way of writing/making a point that I personally find childish and poor.

When I read a character say they're socialist I'm like "Okay, you're probably going to be weird/an asshole".

What do you think? Do you also recognize this flaw? Or maybe you disagree? I'd love to know!