Need help unknown devices have my apple id access

I’m sorry this might not be relevant but I had submitted this to another subreddit and no one responded

So recently I had a job where I had to sign in to my Apple account on secondhand phones in order to download an app (M360) to check whether the phones were in good condition or not.

I resigned back in May, and I completely forgot to check whether my Apple ID was still logged in on any of those phones. Yesterday, I checked my account and noticed that there were three unknown devices logged in. I panicked and immediately removed them from my account, but I forgot to screenshot their serial numbers. I also changed my Apple ID password right away.

I’m wondering if there is any possibility that those phones had access to my iCloud Photos. And now that I’ve removed those devices from my account, would my photos still be stored on those phones?
Thank you!