When do schools start planning how grant funding will be used?

I recently started working in the school security technology space and I’m trying to understand how this works from the school side.

When schools receive grant funding for safety or infrastructure, is the plan for how that money will be used usually decided before the grant is approved, or after?

For things like cameras, access control, or other security upgrades, who usually gets involved in those decisions?

Just trying to understand the process better since I’m new to the industry.