Colleague told me the wrong deadline and my boss got angry at me

Mostly just need to vent about this but also really hoping to seek advice. I had a project that was due last Wednesday before I went on leave on Thursday, when I shared it with my senior colleague he still asked me to make changes and said he will send me feedback the next day. After receiving feedback I asked him when I should send him the update, and he said Tuesday when I was back in office. To my absolute horror, upon my return I was scolded by my boss (not the senior colleague) for “pausing an urgent project when going on leave”. The part I’m most upset about now is the fact that I just kept quiet and did not mention my colleague telling me that it’ll be alright to complete it later, and just said that I’ll take note to do a proper handover next time.

It’s been a few days but I can’t get over this. It’s my first job and I joined two months ago, a huge part of me wants to “clear my name” but I don’t know if it’s my place to say anything (especially since it feels like I missed the opportunity to speak up), and the rational part of me feels like I should just let it go.