[Android] SM-G360V 5.1.1 (Galaxy Core Prime - Verizon US) Setup Wizard Crash Loop

After rooting with the KingRoot apk apps would start crashing randomly (no message, just every running app would exit and throw me to my home screen), so I decided to factory reset. I grabbed Titanium Backup, grabbed the app backups I needed, then did the reset. Phone booted up, but now the setup wizard just crashes every run through and restarts itself, leaving my phone useless.

All the steps I've taken are below. I don't want to give up hope because I can still get into download mode, but a phone upgrade would be nice.

WALL OF TEXT STARTS HERE

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It may be important to know that after KingRoot, my boot screen had an unlocked lock with the text "custom" under it- I figure this means my bootloader is unlocked, but I could be wrong.

I've enabled USB Debugging through the recovery screen.

Setup Wizard (Without SIM):
Connect to Wifi network -> Next -> Crash
Skip connect to wifi -> Skip anyway -> Crash

Setup Wizard (With SIM):
Properly IDs my number and connects to 4G -> Next -> Sometimes crash
Skip Verizon Cloud -> Not Now -> Crash
Setup Verizon Cloud -> Finished Setting up -> Crash

Installing TWRP via h00ps://twrp.me/devices/samsunggalaxycoreprimequalcomm.html
Option 1 (TWRP) nogo, no previous TWRP installed
Option 2 (Odin) nogo, tried both through the website on Linux/FF and through Windows (VirtualBox). The website asks me for the PIT, then when it tries to retrieve it from the device it fails. The app on Windows doesn't ask me for it, but when trying to install it it pops up "secure check fail: recovery" on the phone's screen (the app does nothing).
Option 3 (dd) nogo, can't get an adb root shell

Rerooting through the KingRoot desktop app:
It looks like it succeeds (it's all in Chinese).
adb root gives "adbd cannot run as root in production builds"
adb shell su gives "[-] Connection to ui timed out"

Trying to remove or disable the Setup Wizard app:
ps | grep setup returns the following package names:
com.android.setupwizard (pm disable -> Unknown package)
com.google.android.setupwizard (pm disable -> Permission Denial: attempt to change component state from pid=11940, uid=2000, package uid=10014)
com.google.android.partnersetup (pm disable -> Permission Denial: attempt to change component state from pid=11958, uid=2000, package uid=10030)
com.sec.android.app.setupwizard (pm disable -> Permission Denial: attempt to change component state from pid=12180, uid=2000, package uid=1000)
kill <package> -> Operation not permitted)
pm uninstall <package> -> "Failure [DELETE_FAILED_INTERNAL_ERROR]"

pm path com.android.setupwizard -> nothing
pm path com.google.android.setupwizard -> /system/priv-app/SetupWizard/SetupWizard.apk
pm path com.google.android.partnersetup -> /system/priv-app/GooglePartnerSetup/GooglePartnerSetup.apk
pm path com.sec.android.app.setupwizard -> /system/app/SamsungSetupWizard/SamsungSetupWizard.apk

I had also sideloaded gapps-lp-20150314 (for 5.1.X) in hopes that it would fix it up.

Anything else I should try? Any stock images so I can do a complete, fresh, reinstall? I know someone here was working on getting stock everything uploaded- will that be my best bet?

Thanks!

EDIT: Additional information

Download mode returns the following strings:

ODIN MODE
PRODUCT NAME: SM-G360V
CURRENT BINARY: Samsung Offical
SYSTEM STATUS: Custom
REACTIVATION LOCK: OFF
QUALCOMM SECUREBOOT: ENABLE (CSB)
RP SWREV: S1, T2, H1, R1, A3, P1
SECURE DOWNLOAD: ENABLE

When trying to flash TWRP with ODIN add line
SECURE CHECK FAIL: recovery