How well developed was the Luftwaffe's anti-naval capabilities?

It seems that they were good enough to protect their coast (at least until later in the war when the luftwaffe as a whole was overwhelmed) but was this a capable and specialized force or more of a makeshift/secondary effort that got the job done?

For example:

-What specialized aircraft, munitions, tactics, training etc. did the Luftwaffe use to attack naval forces, and were they generally comparable to the British, American and Japanese?

-Were aircraft purpose-built as torpedo bombers, naval dive bombers and so on, or were they adapted to the purpose?

-How much attention was paid to specialized doctrine and training? E.g were there many dive bomber pilots specialized in naval strike, or were they trained mostly for land attack and reassigned?