Traditional IRA Deduction Question

Hi r/personalfinance,

Firstly I want to say thank you. For years I’ve been wanting to learn the basics of money management and saving for retirement. I’ve procrastinated, but with the help of this sub I’ve made some big strides. However, I'm still unclear about one thing:

Last year I made $80K (and am single) and in December I opened up a traditional IRA w/Vanguard. From what I understand, the benefit of the traditional IRA is that I don’t pay taxes upfront – just on the gains when I withdraw at retirement. However, the $5500 I invested came out of my bank account, which was already taxed after my paycheck. I had understood that I would have those taxes deducted when I file my return, but after seeing this, I’m worried that I won’t get those taxes returned since I made more than $71K. If that’s the case, what’s the point in me even having an IRA?

I could switch to a Roth, but I had learned that a Traditional is likely better if you make more than 60k so I’m very confused. Did I make a mistake?

Thanks!