Tell tale sign that your hive is queenless

It's spring/summer and during your inspection you find lots of frames with pollen or bee bread in what should be brood super. That is you see frames mostly full of bee bread.

Then this is a sign that your hive is queenless. This is because bees continue to bring in pollen wherever they find them but the pollen is not being consumed. Nurse bees consume pollen to produce royal jelly which is fed to developing larva.

If there is no larva then there is no need to consume bee bread so they pile up in the frames.

If you see something like that, do a thorough inspection to confirm that the hive is queenless

However when you see similar condition in the late fall, this is normal. The bees are bringing in pollen for consumption during the spring build up next year. I have seen the bottom super full of bee bread going into the winter in all my hives.