The Practice of Money Creation in the Now Near-Global Fractional Reserve Banking System

what else would determine how much money is created?

The overall point is to show the structural effects of monetaryism in general on society. The fractional-reserve practice is inherently inflationary and needs to keep creating money out of nothing in the form of debt just to keep the economy afloat and ensure that its artificial scarcity isnt too crippling to society at any given moment. The application of interest, which has manifested in a global debt that exceeds the actual money in circulation by 2.5 times illustrates its ultimately self-defeating nature. It literally cannot be paid back. That coupled with a market systems built-in propensity for wealth consolidation and the effects on society are profound. Thats my general takeaway from this specific video, which is sourced directly from modern money mechanics, the document produced by the federal reserve detailing its practice of money creation.

Considering money is essentially just a means of access to resources, this all ties in with the idea that we could abandon the practice altogether if we were intelligent enough with resource production/distribution

central banks/federal reserve whatever create money, financial institutions like banks give out loans. I think you're confused in that the money created by the central bank is precisely the money that isn't loaned out - it's either in circulation as currency, or it's kept by the banks as fractional reserves ie. it's the money they're not allowed use to create loans, for regulatory aswell as liquidity reasons (called 'high-powered money', related mathematically to real money stock via the money multiplier). Obviously the reserve ratio is the key thing in addition to simple demand for currency, the lower it is the more credit banks can create.

In all honesty i may be incorrect in my specific breakdown, as the video goes over it generally and focuses more on its overarching structural manifestations. The example he gives details how you can essentially create 9x the amount of whatever money is loaned out from the federal reserve after fulfilling its 10% reserve requirements. This is where the 'money from nothing' comes from. The example used is that if the fed creates and deposits its 10 billion in newly created money, 1 billion is isolated as its required reserve. The rest is free to be loaned, however it isnt from the 9 billion left over or the 'excessive reserve', the new 9 billion is literally just created out of nothing. Any deposit made in this system can create 9x its value out of nothing as long as the 10% reserve requirement is met. This portion if the video is actually fairly short if youd rather deal with the source material and not my bastardized interpretation

Iirc the 'economic hit man' thing is not about that the loans cannot be repaid, but that they are leveraged towards projects that don't actually create meaningful development for the country in question and really just provide access to cheap labour etc. for U.S contractors, right?

The 'economic hitmen' lobby directly to foreign governments and their leaders on behalf of corporations usually in the business of building infrastructure projects with deliberately inflated econometric models promising generally extremely unrealistic promises in a nudge nudge wink wink fashion which are then used as justification for working out loans through the world bank or IMF. The money then goes straight to these corporations who really are just building this infrastructure for the benefit of other corporate interests, who as per the loan contracts then get to take advantage of the fact the loans are too large to repay and then come in to privatize the shit out of public services as per the conditionalities of the contract.

Also these debts are used as leverage for cheaper access to indigenous resources, deliberate devaluation if native currencies to make things cheaper for the corporate interests, labor exploitation, military bases and UN votes

It is extremely exploitative and even the IMFs own reports have stated it fails to succeed in their stated aims 60 percent of the time and generally ends pretty disastrously for the indigenous people. Id recommend watching at least if you havent. You seem familiar with the ideas and im curious to see what perspectives youd have after dealing directly from the source material

Edit: essentially imperial expansion in covert form with the aims to ostensibly bring "free market prosperity" to other nations. The military and cia coercion is a part of this as well as he details