What is our belief on pre-determination? And a few extra questions

Sorry for the question, I'm very forgetful. Also what is our belief on God and time? Is he outside of it? I know when Alma is talking to one of his sons he mentions that he asked diligently and God revealed to him that all is as one day before God, but what does that mean exactly, that time is different for him, or that it really doesn't apply to him. Some Scientists think time started when the universe started because it works differently on things in motion, does that mean God created time when he created the universe? I couldn't find an exact answer on this.

Also I was watching a youth face to face and the question: how do you pray to receive Revalation, and one of the apostles said that we should be thinking and preparing for prayers, putting ourselves in the mindset of approaching the throne. But I just can't imagine God that way, as a unapproachable King, I mean I know that's what he's supposed to be, but I've always heard of our relationship as one of a father and a child. I don't fear approaching my father, I don't pick my words carefully, I love my father I give him all of me, it would be different for a king, I would hold myself back in respect I would not bother a majesty with petty things of everyday life. Yet in the book of Mormon I remember a passage asking us to pray to him about everything when we wake up, when we work, when we go to bed, I don't have enough time to prepare to bow before the throne of God in an appropriate feeling of Majesty, I don't think I could ever comprehend his glory it would be blasphemous for me to think I could, so I doubt I as a mortal could ever be ready to kneel before God. Which makes me wonder, is our relationship that of a child and their father or a king and well dirt basically. Should I be praying and talking to God often, or preparing what I'll rehearse before a king?

Sorry for the many questions. They're sone that I was looking for answers to, but maybe because I'm not praying right I can't receive the Revalation or stumble across the appropriate scripture I need to answer these questions. I'm sure these questions have already been answered many times but take pity on a youth I'm not smart or righteous enough to find them on my own!