No clutch resistance in Cbr300r

Ok. So this is my first bike, a 2016 Honda Cbr300r. I bought it a little over a month ago from a guy off Craigslist. I attempted to do an oil change on it. Got everything done fine except that I had no idea how much oil was needed to fill it properly. I essentially filled it up with too much oil, making mistake number one. Mistake number two was not loosening the drain plug and letting the oil drain slowly as a smart person would. No, no, I (being the utter genius that I am) ended up sticking a squirt bottle tube down the crankcase to try and pump out some oil. That didn't work at all, and as I pulled out the tube this little piece of plastic that I thought was attached to the bottom of the tube popped right off down into the crankcase. Mistake number three. Fucking great. I couldn't see it with a flashlight and didn't have any tool for getting it out. I was pissed with myself,to say the least.

Fast forward to a couple of days later, I was talking to a biker friend of mine for advice and furiously scouring the internet for information on taking apart the crankcase. I finally get the balls to attempt taking this damn thing off. I take off both lower fairings along with the right side fairing, drain the oil from the bottom (stripped the plug) and coolant (I just loosened one bolt on the side and it drained from the side) and then disconnect the radiator hose, unscrew the bolts, then pull the clutch wire and disconnect it. Boom. The case is off, thank Jesus. I immediately find the little plastic piece that had I had been agonizing over. I put the case back on and reconnect everything. I thought that was case closed. It is not. By the way, the fairings are still off.

The thing is that I discovered the clutch has no resistance when I pull it in. It DOES move the little thing that it's attached to on the crankcase (sorry, I'm new and don't know all of the bike's anatomy yet), and it gets pulled back into place each time, but just barely. I texted my buddy and he said that maybe there's no resistance due to there being no fluids (no oil or coolant) in the bike, but he lives about 2 hours away and hasn't seen it in person. I'm currently waiting on my paycheck to get more oil and coolant so it's sitting pretty dry right now in my garage. The thing is that due to being the mechanical squid that I am I can't tell whether the clutch is actually engaging or not. This thing is loose as all get out. I'm wondering if it just a simple clutch adjustment. To my knowledge, I put everything back in the crankcase as exactly as it was. All I did was pop it off, find that plastic bit and place it back on. I honestly don't know what to do from here and I feel like I'm in over my head.

EDIT: It seems to be fine in switching to 1st and stops when I push it. I can push it back into neutral and it rolls around just fine. When I put more fluid in it I'll check it out.

EDIT 2: ALRIGHT I've got it working. What the problem was is that I literally didn't know what adjusting the clutch was for or why it was important. I have since seen the errors of my ways. I didn't realize that until I had drained all the fluids out of it for a second time and made sure the little pin connected to the clutch pin properly. THEN I started fiddling with the clutch adjustment nuts and lo and behold the clutch lever showed signs of life. I eventually got it all sorted out, took it for a ride for about an hour today and by God was it worth every second of the stress. A big thanks to everybody who took the time to offer advice! Now all I need to do is fix the chain slack cuz that sucker's got like 2 inches of slack lmaoo (dont worry I'm not riding it again until I get that fixed). Peace.