In Windows 10 open the settings then either search "color filter" or go to "ease of access" - "color and high contrast." There you can enable a colour filter and switch between a few different options.  These are designed to help people with CVD distinguish colours on the screen.

Also, what is the windows 10 color filter?

Thanks for the response! 
You are correct,  I am missing the physical parts that interpret all the different colors. Hopefully injection therapy will come soon.

Correct the way you see colours: no.  Sorry but that's simply not how colour blindness works.  Your visual system is simply not capable of distinguishing some (combinations of) wavelengths of light that look different for normal vision.  Nothing at all that you put in front of your eyes - that is: completely in front of your visual system - can ever change that.  What it can do is make colours easier to distinguish, but it will never help you see the same range of colours normal vision sees.

Augmented reality that helps you distinguish colours better would very likely be possible.  Does the Windows 10 colour blind setting help you?  If so, that same manipulation of colours can be done real-time in augmented reality.  It may make the world look strange though.  One advantage this could have over existing Colorite, EnChroma or other glasses would be that software is easier to tweak to your specific vision than hardware lenses.

Does anyone think you could put an app on AR glasses that could help identify colors and correct the way we see them? That would be awesome.

Could agmented reality glasses help distinguish colors?