Questions around wiring up a second subpanel for a table saw.

Some quick background on the project:

Before I start, if it's easier to point me towards relevant NEC sections that answer my question, please do so! Not only would I learn more, but I would gain more context and that would give me something to point to if the inspector says something is wrong when it is not.

I will be purchasing a table saw soon and I need to run a 220v line to an unfinished portion of my garage to support it. To do this, as well as add additional 20 amp outlets to the same area, a subpanel will be added to the opposite side of the garage (drywalled & insulated).

Based off the power requirements for the table saw, as well as other tools in the garage, the new subpanel will need about 40 amps.

The 40 amps will come from an existing subpanel in the basement which is supplied 100 amps from the main panel.

For 40 amps, (from basement to garage) my research has indicated that a #8 copper romex is needed. This wire will be running through the ceiling of the finished basement. There isn't any insulation in the ceiling since there is a kitchen and living room above it. There is some insulation near it, but the line wouldn't be running through it.

Questions:

1. Is #8 Romex the correct wire to run from one subpanel to the next?

2. Will that line need to be secured to any framing or protected by any means? I'm trying to avoid cutting a ton of holes in the basement ceiling.

3. What type of subpanel is recommended in the garage for a 20 amp / 230v break + a 20 amp / 120v breaker for the outlets? I know that at least a 40 amp subpanel is needed, but is there a limit on the number of slots the panel can have?

4. Since the outlets will be located in the garage, they will need GFCI breakers for both the 220v and 120v outlets, correct?

5. From my understanding, conduit will be needed when running the lines from the new subpanel a portion of the way to the new outlets because part of the garage is finished and the lines will be exposed. What type of conduit should I use, should there be separate conduits for each line and what size conduit(s) should be used?

6. How would an electrical line in a conduit transition from finished to unfinished construction? Via a junction box or would it just come out of the conduit?

If you read through all that, thank you! Let me know if pictures or videos would be more helpful for visualization, too.