How did current copyright terms get almost universally accepted into laws?

How did the world arrive at international copyright agreements such as the Berne Convention?
From the English Wikipedia:

[...] it requires protection for all creative works in a fixed medium be automatic, and last for at least 50 years after the author's death for any work except for photographic and cinematographic works.

Is it because of the export of capitalism to all earthly countries, and for capitalism to function, you have to have means to protect your ideas and creations to have the edge in production of goods?

Or is it the need of a person to claim ideas and works as their own blood – whereas their creativity has been fueled and given life to by the society around them – is vital to their sense of self-worth?