Denial-of-service attacks (also called "DoS"), while not new, are becoming more and more popular attacks among hackers for taking websites offline. In my experience, the people who use tools designed to carry out these attacks often have no idea what's actually going on under the hood. I will attempt to outline two methods of DoS here- SYN flooding and distributed attacks.
A Bit About TCP
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), for anyone not familiar, is a protocol that allows for streaming data between two computers on a network. "Streaming", in this context, means packets sent via TCP are treated as segments in a large stream rather than treated independently (as in UDP). As an analogy