Question, what is it called when you launch a program and it opens a window that you can interact with?

I ask because I want to know what to look up so I can try and learn how to do it myself.

The closest I’ve come is launching a program in C++ and being able to enter text and other things in the program window. The place where “Hello World” shows up.

Like is there some programming system or something?

If feels like all the veteran engineers just know and I’m sitting here wondering what magic they’re using that takes them from basic code to you can make a user interface and have someone do real work with the program.