My credit card was skimmed, duplicated, and used for fraud. What do I need to do now?

I found out that, on the 18th, a series of fraudulent charges were placed on my credit account. I contacted the card provider to report them, get an investigation started, and get a new card sent out.

So where do I go from here? What's something most people overlook when this kind of thing happens? What do I need to do to protect myself from this happening again?