Recommended reading order - several approaches:
It's the simplest of questions and understandably we see many of these posts, even as often as one a day. I am making this post as a resource that can be linked to in future. Hopefully people find it helpful.
To begin, there's this old post by u/ebneter. It's an excellent resource of all* the writings of Tolkien and definitely worth a read because I won't be addressing all of them here.
^(*it's a little dated, Christopher Tolkien published Beren and Lúthien and The Fall of Gondolin since then and it hasn't been updated to address this.)
The approach I'll take with this is threefold. An "introductory" list of books which any new readers should follow. Then "advanced" and "die-hard" sections to follow for anyone who finds themselves so engrossed that they don't want to stop. So without further ado:
Recommended "introductory" reading order:
1) The Hobbit
It's the quickest and easiest entrance into Tolkien's works. Just be fully aware that it's genuinely a children's book so the writing style is not indicative of all of his works.
2) The Lord of the Rings
Not calling it a "trilogy" here because it's actually not. It's one single story which Tolkien wasn't allowed to publish as such. Instead it got split into six books, which were then packaged into the "trilogy" that most people are aware of.
3) The Silmarillion
Now we hop back to the beginning. The very beginning. The creation of the world and the deities therein. This then spans the rest of the First Age (~6500-7000 years before LOTR) as well as a snapshot of the Second Age.
It's got a reputation as being "hard to read", but any Tolkien fan is doing themselves a great disservice by not doing so because it's truly phenomenal and allows you to understand all of the history which is discussed in passing during both The Hobbit and LOTR.
4) The Children of Húrin
One of three "Great Tales" published relatively recently having been reconstructed from the notes by Christopher, son of JRR Tolkien. This is a fully formed narrative which expands upon one of the "short stories" within The Silmarillion.
5) Unfinished Tales
As the name suggests. A collection of unfinished works by Tolkien, in addition to other essays which provide excellent background and lore for the world. Most absolutely worth reading which is why I've left it in this "introductory" reading list rather than the subsequent.
If you plan on continuing into the "advanced" section then skip the First Age within this book, as it's covered and expanded upon in the remaining Great Tales.
Recommended "advanced" reading order:
6) Beren and Lúthien
Another of the Great Tales. Unfortunately, unlike Children of Húrin Tolkien never managed a complete (final) version of the Tale. Instead what is left is a series of versions which span literal decades of Tolkien's life. Christopher Tolkien performs a reconstruction/analysis whereby this book contains the chronology of the story as it was written, so you can see the story change (quite drastically) as it evolves.
7) The Fall of Gondolin
As above. The third and final of the Great Tales.
8) History of Middle Earth 10-12
#10 - Morgoth's Ring
#11 - The War of the Jewels
#12 - The Peoples of Middle Earth
Further analyses and compilations performed posthumously by Christopher Tolkien. Volumes #10 and #11 feature the latest incomplete versions of The Silmarillion and give a look at how the book may have shaped up if Tolkien lived to finish his vision. There are also excellent essays by JRR which provide incredible amounts of lore to the world which aren't published anywhere else.
#12 contains a lot of other excellent things, such as the full version of the LOTR appendices which was cut from the published release. The quickly abandoned sequel to LOTR. As well as some other excellent material.
Recommended "die hard" reading order:
9) The Letters of JRR Tolkien
Tolkien was engrossed in his world and developed it over the span of six decades. During this time many other people in his life became fascinated with his works and many correspondences resulted with Tolkien providing excellent additional lore for the world.
10) History of Middle Earth 4-5
#4 - The Shaping of Middle Earth
#5 - The Lost Road
Much earlier writings by Tolkien. #4 contains some excellent essays and maps by Tolkien concerning the geography and cosmology of his world. #5 contains some additional stories for Numenor and the Second Age. If you're a linguistics nerd this also includes all you want to know about the Elven languages.
11) History of Middle Earth 6-9
#6 - The Return of the Shadow
#7 - The Treason of Isengard
#8 - The War of the Ring
#9 - Sauron Defeated
Similar to the reconstructions of Beren and Luthien and The Fall of Gondolin, these analyse and reconstruct the development of Lord of the Rings. Read them if you want a peak behind the curtains at the development of his most famous story. #9 contains the unpublished epilogue for LOTR.
12) The History of The Hobbit - John Rateliff
#1 - Mr Baggins
#2 - Return to Bag-End
Two volume set. Unlike the rest of the analyses of Tolkien's work which was performed by Christopher Tolkien, this duology was instead performed by John Rateliff. Same deal as above with HoME 6-9.
13) History of Middle Earth 1-3 (+13)
#1 - The Book of Lost Tales I
#2 - The Book of Lost Tales II
#3 - The Lays of Beleriand
#13 - Index
Volumes #1-2 contain Tolkien's earliest works. Even for a die-hard fan they can be quite difficult and archaic to read. They contain the earliest beginnings of The Silmarillion where Tolkien was attempting to craft a mythology for England. #3 contains two lengthy poems which tell the story of Beren and Lúthien and Children of Húrin in verse. Finally #13 is self explanatory in that it contains a complete index of all places, names, terms, etc from the rest of the HoME series between one set of covers.
14) The rest
You're still here? Head on over to this post and see the rest of the works by Tolkien which haven't been addressed here.
Phew that was complicated! But let's complicate things a little further shall we? Here are some alternate reading orders:
What if I'm not a first time reader?
Bring The Silmarillion and The Children of Húrin up to the #1 and #2 spots, but otherwise nothing else changes. See above.
What if I want to read them chronologically? (in-universe)
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The Silmarillion
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Beren and Lúthien
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The Children of Húrin
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The Fall of Gondolin
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Unfinished Tales (Second Age section)
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LOTR Appendices (Second Age section)
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The Hobbit
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The Lord of the Rings
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Unfinished Tales (Third Age section)
This is all the "completed" works chronologically. After this point it basically becomes choose your own adventure again with the HoME stuff.
What if I want to read them in publication order?
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The Hobbit
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The Lord of the Rings.
Short list. The rest are all published posthumously by his son. The obvious next choice is The Silmarillion, as this was published next, but also it's something that he wanted to publish long before even LOTR. After that it'd be simpler to just provide the wiki link for his posthumous publications.
I think that just about covers things. Hopefully it is helpful for some people!
Posted Jun 13, 2020, 12:14 PM UTC
On a somewhat related note, I‘d recommend people to re-read LotR after finishing the Silmarillion, before proceeding any further.
Seconded. It's a delight to recognize them. Some are very subtle.
Why is that?
The references to the First and Second ages are literally everywhere in LOTR. They really start to pop out if you've read the Silmarillion.
Definitely helps to pick up on a tonne of things that you don't really understand the first time round and enriches things greatly. Though that said it's a pretty big commitment for someone who just finished reading 1400 pages a mere 300 pages ago to go back and re-read those 1400 pages all over again for the easter eggs.
It would be better for people to just begin with The Silmarillion in that case, but I didn't consider it a good thing to recommend all newcomers because it would scare away more than it would entice. Starting with the easier stuff and developing a taste for the world is best.